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Sulfur contained abundant inclusions of pyrite (Fe), covellite Sulfur from a submarine volcano (Lau Basin, South-western Pacific). examined sulfide and sulfosalt inclusions in molten Relatively high concentrations of As, Hg, Se, Te, and Sb and contain The sulfur samples from these volcanoes have Sulfur to determine the source of the gases at Sierra Negra and Alcedo "glue pudding" growth model to explain the origin of these Using sulfur composition data, they suggested a Ti, Rb, Cs, Ba, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Nb, Pb, Th, U, and REE were mostlyĭerived from andesite their contents of Mg, K, and Mn mostly originatedįrom seawater and their contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, and Ni were partlyĭerived from magma.
They determined that their contents of Al, analyzed the trace and rare earth elementĬompositions of native sulfur "balls" from a hydrothermalįield in Northeast Taiwan. Specimens that have formed by direct depositionįrom vapor or by the melting/recrystallization of such deposits have aīright yellow color and the purest compositions. Two-tenths of a percent to two percent ofĬrystalline pyrite (Fe) commonly produces green, gray, andīlack volcanic sulfur. Se) commonly occur in sulfur and produce material with yellow, brown, Tenths of a percent to a few percent of chalcophile trace elements (As, The color of sulfur and its trace element/trace mineral contents. Volcanic-hydrothermal environment to determine the relationship between studied the traceĮlement chemistry of native sulfur from a terrestrial Spectroscopy (SEMEDS), reflectance spectrometry, and wetĬhemical methods. (ICP-AES), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive
Obtained using mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic emission spectroscopy The existing data on volcanic sulfur composition data have been Most of the sulfur and other metallic and nonmetallic elementsĮscape fumarolic vents with the gas and are dissipated in theĮnvironment thus, only a small (and unknown) fraction of these elements Using fumarolic sulfur is impossible due to the strong fractionation ofĮlements, including sulfur itself that occurs during the discharge of Unfortunately, the quantitative analysis of this gas composition Therefore, the composition of the gas can be estimated at a qualitative AllĬomponents carried by the gas are inevitably found in fumarolic sulfur Such sulfur can help to study the gases themselves. Incrustations and even well-shaped sulfur crystals often contain mineralĪnd rock inclusions, which were also carried by and deposited fromįumarolic gas. Low-temperature gas and precipitate together with native sulfur aroundįumarole vents, forming well-known yellow incrustations. Only be dissolved in hot aqua regia (which may introduce its ownĬontaminants), the accurate analysis of low-temperature gas condensatesĪt the same time, metals and aerosol particles are transported by Metals can be adsorbed by sulfur particles and areįurther deposited on the bottle (vial) walls. Very low metal contents in low-temperatureĬondensates are often obscured by an overwhelming amount of colloidal Pressures of these elements decrease by 1-2 orders of magnitude forĮvery hundred degrees. Generally low concentrations of metallic elements the saturation vapor Well-characterized in terms of their gaseous transport due to their Low-temperature fumaroles (i.e., 200C and lower) are not Tens to hundreds of ppm) and are used to study the gaseous transport of SuchĬondensates often contain significant concentrations of metals (i.e., Water steam, they can be condensed in a special cooled flask.
Because the main component of the majority of fumarolic gases is Similar to those of ore bodies that form in magmatic environment. Zonation and compositions of high-temperature fumarolic sublimates are Latter precipitate inside or around fumaroles, forming black or colorfulĭeposits, which are called sublimates. Results in the oversaturation of the transported volatile compounds. Together with abrupt change from reducing to oxidizing conditions, Rapid decrease in the temperature of gas at or near the surface, Oxides, halides, and more complex compounds (e.g., ). Metallic and nonmetallic compounds, which have sufficiently high vapor O, C, S, HCl, and HF, but high- temperatureįumarolic gases (>400C) also commonly transport many Fumarolic gases mainly comprise the volatile components of Volcanic fumaroles are surficial manifestations of magmaticĭegassing.
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MLA style: "Trace Elements and Minerals in Fumarolic Sulfur: The Case of Ebeko Volcano, Kuriles." The Free Library.